robert werner



350mm@ .3ra

J. R. WERNER. Photographic Camera.

Patented Sept. I5, 1857.

N. PETERS. Phomnmagnpw'. wmingum. D. c,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFTCE.

J. ROBERT WERNER, OF NEXV YORK, N. Y,

IDIAPHRAGM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

,Specification of Letters Patent No. 18,218, dated September 15, 1857.

To all whom 'z'. t may concern:

Be it known that I, J. ROBERT VERNER, of New York, in the county and State of New York, have made certain Improvements in Photographic Cameras; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in a concentrically expanding diaphragm, situ"y ated near the mathematical point, between the front and back lens, in the camera tube, and capable of being operated, so as to enlarge or contract the opening, to regulate the admission of light into the camera.

In the accompanying drawing A represents the camera tube into which the glasses or lenses, I, B, C, D are lixed in the usual manner.

E is a tube provided on the inside and firmly attached, and of such a length as to bring the end of said tube in a line with the mathematical point of the lenses.

G, is a tube, capable of sliding easily over the outside of the tube E, and provided with two slots, n, a, in which the projections p, p, fast to the tube E, slide, to guide the mot-ion of said tube Gr. On the end of this tube G and passing over the end of the tube E, an elastic diaphragm, S, is stretched and secured to the tube G through the ring a2. This diaphragm has a circular opening O in the center.

H is a ring turning around the tube Gr, on the outside ot which teeth are cut into which the worm wheel IV works. This ring is provided with slots in which the projections, 7), 7), slide, by which arrangement only a circular motion is allowed to said ring H,

' due from the action of the worm wheel IV Instead of the above described mechanism tor producing a longitudinal motion on the tube G, and by which the elastic diaphragm will be stretched or allowed to relax, any other suitable arrangement may be used.

lVhen the wormwheel, lV, is turned the ring H will be turned around, acting upon the pin P in such a manner as to produce a longitudinal motion upon the tube Gr, on account of the projections, y), p, guiding the same, and by which longitudinal motion, the elastic diaphragm S will either be stretched tight over the end ofthe tube E and thereby increasing concentrically the opening, O, in said diaphragm, or said diaphragm will be allowed to relax, when on account of its elastic-ity the opening, O, will be diminished and return to its original size.

In camera tubes for the purpose of taking portraits the diaphragm is situated between the lenses as above described and as represented in the drawings, while in camera. tubes for landscapes where the lenses I and B are dispensed with said diaphragm will consequently be before the glasses or lenses. This diaphragm S fulfils in the camera the same purpose as the iris in the human eye. As the pupil is enlarged or diminished by means ot' the iris, when more or less light is required, for the purpose of ob` taining a clear View of the object before us, in the same manner this will be obtained in the lamera, bythe application of this diaphragm, and consequently a sharper and more distinct picture will thereby be obtained, as the opening. O, of the diaphragm and consequently the quantity ot' light, can always be regulated, to be in exact proportion to the intensity of the light.

that I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- The application et an elastic diaphragm in photographic cameras for the purpose and in the manner specified.

J. ROBERT lVERNER.

lVitnesses HENRY E. Itornnn, GEORGE IV. HUXSON. 

